Adelaide
Sam Siggins, pick No. 62 Trained the house down in his first pre-season but a foot injury held him back early. Looked increasingly good in the SANFL reserves and is training well this summer.
Rory Atkins, pick No. 81 Played seven SANFL games for Sturt last year and has stepped his training up a level over the summer. Offers versatility as a left-footer.
Ian Callinan, pick No. 95 (rookie promotion) Played six games in his final season before being delisted after three seasons with the club. Will act as a playing/assistant coach for its SANFL reserves side this year.
Nick Joyce, pre-season draft pick No. 10 (rookie promotion) Re-drafted as promised by the club last year, but Joyce never threatened for a senior position. Delisted for the second time in two years at the end of 2013.
Rookies
Kyle Hartigan, pick No. 14 Picked up as a mature-aged defender and looked comfortable at the elite level. Set to eventually take over from Ben Rutten at full back.
Jack Osborn, pick No. 36 Former basketballer made good progress in the SANFL and managed three senior games with Central District.
Tim Klaosen, pick No. 42 Another ex-basketballer, he struggled to convert his impressive athletic ability into senior AFL games. Delisted at the end of his first year. - Harry Thring
Brisbane Lions
Sam Mayes, pick No. 8 Brilliant debut season. Played 18 games, averaged 17 disposals, and looks a future star with his combination of poise, athleticism and polished disposal.
Marco Paparone, pick No. 23 The athletic tall forward showed promise in his five games. Still needs to add some size, but is super fit and will see more action in 2014.
Michael Close, pick No. 32 Far from the finished product, Close played exclusively in the NEAFL last season. The 196cm power forward is the club's best runner and been a pre-season standout.
Jack Crisp, pick No. 86 Played 12 games in his two seasons, but struggled to crack a senior berth last year, playing just twice. The tall midfielder needs to make an impression this year.
Niall McKeever, pick No.99 After three games last season – and 22 for his career – the lanky defender was delisted and returned to his homeland Ireland.
Rookies
Nick Hayes, pick No. 6 Was impressive last season with the Lions reserves. Hayes is a clever midfielder who is good in traffic.
Callum Bartlett, pick No. 21 Delisted after four seasons that were largely ruined by successive knee reconstructions and an assortment of other injuries.
Jordon Bourke, pick No. 56 Like Hayes, the tall defender played entirely at NEAFL level in 2013 and impressed late in the season with some excellent lock-down jobs. - Michael Whiting
Sam Mayes showed class throughout 2013 to finish equal eighth in the NAB AFL Rising Star. Picture: AFL MediaCarlton
Troy Menzel, pick No. 11 The clever left-footer showed great promise in kicking eight goals in seven appearances last year and is expected to make further inroads this season. Importantly, his troublesome knees have held firm.
Tom Temay, pick No. 35 The light-framed flanker spent his debut season in the VFL after missing four early games with a quad injury. A superb distance runner, he is focusing on increasing his strength and bulk.
Nick Graham, pick No. 54 A knee injury sidelined the blond midfielder until mid-season and on return he averaged 25 disposals and six tackles in eight VFL games to earn two late-season AFL matches. Working on his speed and general endurance.
Rookies
Jaryd Cachia, pick No. 9 A breakthrough season for the inside midfielder in his second stint with the Blues, playing 14 games, mainly as a tagger, before finishing in the VFL. Continues to work on his outside play. - Ben Collins
Collingwood
Brodie Grundy, pick No. 18: Grundy is now entrenched as Collingwood's No. 1 ruckman. Despite battling a troublesome back injury early in the year, the 19-year-old averaged 21.6 hit-outs and outplayed some of the game's best big men. A star in the making.
Ben Kennedy, pick No. 19: The fleet-footed young Pie managed 12 games last season, filling the role as the club's pressure-act specialist. Kennedy has had a terrific pre-season, putting on bulk and developing his aerobic base so he can join the midfield rotation.
Tim Broomhead, pick No. 20: With a season ruined by glandular fever behind him, Broomhead appears set for a big 2014. The South Australian product has poise in traffic and finishes well in front of goal.
Jackson Ramsay, pick No. 38: A broken wrist slowed Ramsay's progress at the start of last year, but he returned to play the final 10 games. The 19-year-old is a hard worker and he looks set for his chance in the NAB Challenge series.
Rookies
Kyle Martin, pick No. 13: Starred in the VFL and forced his way into the AFL side in round 10. Averaged 16.2 disposals from his four games at the top level, and showed ability to hit the scoreboard.
John Ceglar, pick No. 15: Spent two years on Collingwood's list and was moved on after falling behind in the pecking order. Now at Hawthorn, the Hawks like his ability to go forward and haul in grabs above his head.
Sam Dwyer, pick No. 27: The pick of Collingwood's rookies, Dwyer earned a permanent slot on the senior list on the back of an exceptional debut season. Missed just two games and averaged 16.6 disposals a game in 2013.
Adam Oxley, pick No. 35: Oxley was a standout performer for the Pies in the VFL, generating great drive from the back half. Elevated to the senior list at the end of last year after appearing in two senior games.
Jack Frost, pick No. 41: Made the most of his opportunity in playing the first four games of the season. A knee injury slowed him down mid-season, but he made his return via the VFL where his pressure and defensive skills were prominent.
Ben Hudson, pick No. 47: Recruited to mentor young ruckmen Grundy and Jarrod Witts, Hudson has had a central role in their development. He also filled in admirably when Darren Jolly and Grundy were unavailable due to injury. Still competitive and may play at some stage this year.
Peter Yagmoor, pick No. 49: Yagmoor was delisted from the senior list and then added to Collingwood's squad of rookies last season. Improved dramatically in the second half of the season, thanks largely to a lift in his defensive intent.
Ben Richmond, pick No. 53: Signed as a category two rookie, having been part of an elite junior basketball program at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Spent the year developing in the VFL as a forward and pinch-hit ruckman. Let go after just one season at the club. - Ben Guthrie
Essendon
Joe Daniher, pick No. 10 (father-son) Began with a much-hyped debut and finished the season with five games and three goals. Expected to play a big part in Essendon's campaign this year.
Jason Ashby, pick No. 34 The half-back had a solid year in the VFL last season, but couldn't break through for a senior appearance. Is likely to get that chance this season with his smarts and pace impressing.
Dylan van Unen, pick No. 51 A more mature recruit, the 23-year-old van Unen enters his second season on an AFL list trying to earn a senior appearance.
Martin Gleeson, pick No.53 Highly rated inside the club, Gleeson showed snippets of his talent through last year's pre-season. Is returning to full training after a shoulder reconstruction last year and needs to put on some size, but is exciting.
Nick Kommer, pick No. 73 The small, relentless forward played 19 games in his first year and kicked 10 goals. He had an immediate impact and quickly became the club's first-choice small attacking option.
Sean Gregory, pick No. 88 The light tall defender still has plenty of physical developing to do before starting to push for a game.
Will Hams, pick No.6 (pre-season draft) Played two games last year and showed his courage and attack on the ball. Has another summer under his belt and has many fans at the club for his work rate. - Callum Twomey
Fremantle
Josh Simpson, pick No. 17 Made his debut in 2013 against St Kilda in round 23, his only game to date. Has suffered from homesickness at stages in his brief career but is being mentored by Michael Walters and Michael Johnson.
Tanner Smith, pick No. 36 Debuted against Hawthorn in round four, 2013. Has not played since. Played 12 matches in the WAFL before season ending shoulder surgery. Has trained fully in the 2014 pre-season.
Max Duffy, pick No. 39 Hampered by hamstring issues in 2013. Played 12 WAFL matches and kicked 16 goals.
Jack Hannath, pick No. 8 (pre-season draft) Played 12 matches for the Dockers in a terrific debut season. Still developing as a ruckman but may find opportunities tougher to come by in 2014 if Sandilands remains fit.
Jesse Crichton pick No. 14 (pre-season draft) Delisted for a second time after 18 matches over four seasons. Played just one match in 2013.
Rookies
Matt Taberner, pick No. 11 Upgraded to the senior list after playing four matches in 2013. High expectations as a developing forward following a big pre-season.
Alex Howson, pick No. 25 Delisted after failing to play a senior game for Fremantle. Played WAFL reserves for most of 2013.
Craig Moller, pick No. 47 Debuted against St Kilda in round 23, his only appearance. Still a long-term project player for Fremantle as a ruckman. - Alex Malcolm
Young Fremantle ruckman Jack Hannath (left) celebrates with Tendai Mzungu. Picture: AFL Media
Geelong
Jackson Thurlow, pick No. 16 Dashing defender from Launceston who played four AFL games in an impressive debut season. Started pre-season on a modified program after having hip surgery, but has stepped up his workload in recent weeks.
Brad Hartman, pick No. 77 Small forward who worked hard on his skills and fitness in the VFL last season. Regarded as a project player, but is a reasonable chance to make his AFL debut this year. - Adam McNicol
Gold Coast
Jesse Lonergan, pick No. 13 Despite a broken hand and hamstring tear limiting him to four games, robust midfielder Lonergan impressed last year and appears certain to play more in 2014,
Timmy Sumner, pick No. 55 The athletic jack-in-the-box forward was a surprise packet who played 11 games last year. Working hard on his endurance and is expected to offer the Suns a forward-50 'X-Factor'.
Kyal Horsley, pick No. 57 A popular player who provided great service in his two seasons, but after a knee reconstruction midway through 2013, the 26-year-old midfielder was delisted.
Clay Cameron, pick No. 58 Spent a year with the Suns' reserves and is being groomed as a long-term key defender.
Rookies
Leigh Osborne, pick No. 2 The running half-back played one senior game late in 2013 and was a solid contributor in Gold Coast's NEAFL team.
Andrew Boston, pick No. 55 Got a chance late in the season and grabbed it with both hands, playing eight games and kicking seven goals. Clever half-forward who uses the ball well. - Michael Whiting
Greater Western Sydney
Lachie Whitfield, pick No. 1 Lacking a little of the profile of some fellow top picks so far in his young career, Whitfield had an outstanding rookie season, making 19 appearances. He is a star in waiting.
Jonathan O'Rourke, pick No. 2 Injuries restricted him to just one game in 2013, but coach Leon Cameron has pegged the young midfielder for big things this coming year.
Lachie Plowman, pick No. 3 Started strongly, featuring in four of GWS' first five games. But he would only play two more for the rest of the year, in a season of development for the key defender.
Kristian Jaksch, pick No. 12 Restricted by knee surgery early in 2013, the key forward made positive strides in the NEAFL before picking up two senior appearances in rounds 22 and 23.
Aidan Corr, pick No. 14 The Irish-born defender had a solid rookie year, making 10 senior appearances and showing good poise and marking ability.
James Stewart, pick No. 27 The eighth Giant to debut last season, he snuck into the side in round 23. A key forward prospect, Stewart may need to switch roles due to the club's depth in that position.
Sam Frost, pick No. 83 (rookie promotion) The top pick in the 2011 rookie draft, he was elevated the following year. He has all the physical gifts required and has played five senior games to date.
Andrew Phillips, pick No. 97 (rookie promotion) A talented ruckman, Phillips was sidelined for the entire 2013 campaign due to injury. With Dean Brogan now retired, he will be hopeful of a better run this coming year.
Bret Thornton, pick No. 1 (pre-season draft) The Giants hoped the former Carlton swingman could boost their defensive stocks, but he would only make one senior appearance before being delisted.
Dean Brogan, pick No. 12 (pre-season draft) The John Farnham of the AFL, Brogan came out of retirement one last time and added 10 more games to his excellent career before finally bowing out.
Rookies
Joe Redfern, pick No. 51 Delisted after failing to register a senior appearance.
Zac Williams, pick No. 54 One of the great recent success stories to come from the rookie draft. A product of the GWS academy, he played 11 games for the year, including six straight late in the season. One to watch. - James Dampney
Lachie Plowman started 2013 strongly for the Giants but was rarely sighted after round five. Picture: AFL Media
Hawthorn
Tim O'Brien, pick No. 28 Spent last year in the VFL, playing 11 games and kicking 12 goals. The Hawks have high hopes for the South Australian forward and gave him the prestigious No. 23 jumper after Lance Franklin's departure to the Sydney Swans.
Kaiden Brand, pick No. 66 The 198cm key-position player spent most of 2013 with the Box Hill Hawks' development team, showing promise at both ends of the ground. Needs time to build strength and bulk.
Michael Osborne, pick No. 70 The veteran was reclaimed by the Hawks after being delisted at the end of 2012 to make room for free agent Jonathan Simpkin. Returning from a knee reconstruction, he played five games in 2013 before retiring at the end of the season and joining Carlton as a development coach.
Rookies
Jonathon Ceglar, pick No. 15 Delisted after two years with Collingwood, the ruckman played two games in his first season at Hawthorn and was elevated to the senior list in November.
Ciaran Kilkenny, pick No. 28 The Irishman's stay with the Hawks did not last long. He started 2013 pre-season training but after returning home over the Christmas break, he choose to resume his Gaelic Football career with Dublin. - Nick Bowen
Melbourne
Jimmy Toumpas, pick No. 4 Played 14 games in 2013 and showed glimpses of class, with his best football coming late in the season. Has made an impression preseason with his fitness and work ethic.
Jack Viney, pick No. 26 (father-son) Averaged 4.4 centre clearances and 17.5 disposals a game over 13 games in 2012. Being taken along slowly this pre-season to ensure he is over any lingering foot and hip problems.
Dean Kent, pick No. 48 Extended his contract a fortnight ago, tying himself to the Demons until the end of 2016. Finished the season well in his debut year and shapes as the classic high half forward Paul Roos prefers.
Matt Jones, pick No. 52 Mature-aged midfielder played every game, finished fourth in the best and fairest in debut season. Tied to club until 2016, he will benefit from full pre-season.
Dean Terlich, pick No. 68 Finished third in the club best and fairest and kept attacking from defence. Needs to improve kicking and tighten his defensive game.
Dom Barry (NT Zone selection, traded from GWS) Barry had a solid development year without playing senior football. He has pace and should debut in 2014.
Jesse Hogan (GWS trade incentive selection 17-year-old access) Won Casey Scorpions best and fairest and kicked 39 goals before a knee injury ended his season. Had a minor setback in January when he jarred his knee but should debut round one.
Rookies
Nathan Stark, pick No. 3 Delisted after managing just five games in the VFL development league with his progress hampered due to knee, groin and ankle injuries.
Mitch Clisby, pick No. 19 Clisby played eight senior games, before missing the final three through suspension. He was solid without being spectacular.
International Scholarship Rookie
Maia Westrupp The 19-year-old international scholarship rookie from New Zealand has good athletic attributes. His challenge is to win more of the ball and progress to VFL standard. - Peter Ryan
Dean Terlich was a shining light for the Demons during a dismal 2013. Picture: AFL Media
North Melbourne
Taylor Garner, pick No. 15 Played two games in 2013 and showed glimpses of his class and aggression. Had minor ankle surgery at the end of 2013 but resumed full training early in December and has noticeably bulked up.
Ben Jacobs, pick No. 37 After 26 games in two seasons with Port Adelaide, he took time to adjust to North's game style, but played seven games, including the last five of the season as an inside midfielder. Currently enjoying the first uninterrupted pre-season of his career.
Mason Wood, pick No. 41 The 192cm forward impressed with Werribee in the VFL in the first half of 2013, but a small fracture in his knee ended his season in July. Returned to full training in December and has been a standout in North's 2km time trials.
Mitch Wilkins, pick No. 47 The attacking defender had an encouraging year in the VFL with North Ballarat in 2013 and has continued to build his strength this pre-season in an effort to improve his contested play.
Daniel Currie, pick No. 56 Challenged Todd Goldstein for North's No. 1 ruck spot at the start of 2013, but injuries subsequently halted his momentum. Returned to be a solid performer in Werribee's VFL finals campaign and has enjoyed an impressive pre-season.
Taylor Hine, pick No. 61 The former Gold Coast Sun enjoyed a good first year with North as a tagger/defender, playing 14 games and conceding just 13.6 disposals every 100 minutes to his direct opponent. Has not missed a beat this pre-season.
Rookies
Tim McGenniss, pick No. 10 Had a highly promising season with Werribee last year, excelling as a run-with midfielder. Putting his name forward this pre-season as North's second best endurance runner, behind Sam Gibson.
Ben Speight, pick No. 24 The former senior-listed player was delisted after failing to seriously put his name up for selection in 2013.
Cameron Richardson, pick No. 34 Delisted after last year failing to add to his career tally of eight senior games.
Eric Wallace, pick No. 41 The former US college basketballer spent his first season at North as a ruck/forward with North Ballarat's VFL reserves team. Will hope to play senior VFL football this year. Has improved his endurance, but is not yet at AFL standard. - Nick Bowen
Port Adelaide
Oliver WInes, pick No. 7 Sensational first season saw him play every game and finish runner up for the NAB AFL Rising Star Award. A huge talent.
Tom Clurey, pick No. 29 Made great progress playing for Glenelg in the SANFL, breaking into the senior side and performing well. Has gained strength and his training has impressed coaches over the summer.
Mason Shaw, pick No. 30 Developed well in difficult circumstances last year, playing in a poor-performing SANFL side. The 197cm forward could debut for the Power this year.
Tom Jonas, pick No. 85 (rookie promotion) Granted his place in the Power's senior squad, Jonas enjoyed a bumper year in defence and has become a vital component of the team.
Sam Colquhoun, pre-season draft pick No. 3 Overlooked at the NAB AFL Draft, the teenager played 10 games averaging 14 disposals and was named for both of the Power's finals. Has looked good this pre-season and will be in the mix for round one.
Rookies
Kane Mitchell, pick No. 5 Temporarily elevated onto the senior list last year and played 13 games, many as the club's substitute. Will begin 2014 as a rookie, but has been impressive in pre-season training.
Justin Hoskin, pick No. 20 Never really looked like pushing for an AFL debut after fading late in the season and being dropped to the SANFL reserves. Delisted at the end of the year. - Harry Thring
Sam Colquhoun broke into the Port Adelaide side in 2013 and held his place for their finals campaign. Picture: AFL MediaRichmond
Nick Vlastuin, pick No. 9 Played 18 games and was nominated for the NAB AFL Rising Star in round seven. Hasn't missed a session in this pre-season and looks primed for a big year.
Kamdyn McIntosh, pick No. 31 Played on the wing and off half-back with Coburg in the VFL in 2013 before a shoulder ended his season in round 18. Has also done all of pre-season work this year.
Liam McBean, pick No. 33 Has spent the pre-season rehabilitating an ankle injury sustained in round 18 of the VFL. Is aiming to play in the NAB Challenge.
Matt McDonough, pick No. 42 Is having an uninterrupted pre-season and is focusing on his defensive pressure and tackling after making his debut against Carlton in what would prove to be his only game of 2013.
Rookies
Ricky Petterd, pick No. 7 Was re-invented as a defender in 2013 but was troubled by groin and calf injuries. Is having his training load carefully managed this year.
Sam Lonergan, pick No. 22 Played two games before retiring at the end of 2013, having given everything physically and mentally. Will play and be an assistant coach for SANFL team Glenelg in 2014.
Orren Stephenson, pick No. 22 Played six games, mainly in the absence of Ivan Maric, in 2013. Has been the No.1 ruckman throughout pre-season with Maric being managed and Shaun Hampson having just arrived.
Cadeyn Williams, pick No. 40 Had both shoulders reconstructed after playing three VFL games in 2013. Has trained really hard and has his body in good shape now. - Jennifer Phelan
St Kilda
Nathan Wright, pick No. 24 Played eight games in 2013 and impressed as a small defender in both lockdown and rebounding roles. His pre-season has been interrupted by shin soreness but he is on the cusp of resuming full training. Enjoyed strong from late in 2013 and shapes as a key to the Saints' planned resurgence.
Spencer White, pick No. 25 The tall forward showed flashes of brilliance playing for VFL club Sandringham in 2013. The next step for the 19-year-old is to deliver consistently and move closer to AFL selection. Took eight marks and kicked 3.4 in his best effort but had some forgettable matches.
Brodie Murdoch, pick No. 40 A strong performer at VFL level, Murdoch made his AFL debut in round five and played a total of eight games, including a consecutive run of four mid-season. Mature-bodied, he proved capable of playing back, forward and in the midfield, which makes him a valuable commodity.
Josh Saunders, pick No. 43 Saunders played 10 games in a promising debut season and displayed an elite running ability. Involved as a substitute three times, he played his best game against Port Adelaide in round 17, winning 18 possessions. He was a consistent performer for Sandringham in the VFL, averaging 20 possessions.
Lewis Pearce, pick No. 75 The developing ruckman was Sandringham's No.1 big man in 2013, playing 15 VFL games. After working hard to put on weight and develop his tap work, he should develop further under new ruck coach Darren Jolly. Back stress fractures interrupted his pre-season but he is now running. Yet to debut. - Nathan Schmook
Sydney Swans
Dean Towers, pick No. 22 The Swans' top pick in 2012, the athletic wingman was named as an emergency twice last year and will hope to crack the big time in 2014.
Harrison Marsh, pick No. 44 A developing half-back, the West Australian showed some nice signs in the NEAFL before a hamstring injury ended his rookie campaign early.
Tim Membrey, pick No. 46 The mid-sized forward kicked 47 goals in the NEAL to demonstrate his talent. He's focusing on improving his defensive skills as he moves towards senior selection.
Matthew Dick, pick No. 64 An excellent athlete who doesn't turn 20 until November this year, the defensive prospect will likely spend another season honing his game in the NEAFL.
Harry Cunningham, pick No. 107 He was forced to wait from round one, 2012 until round 17, 2013 to get his second AFL game. But his development was clear to see, appearing in the Swans' last two finals for the year and five games overall in an encouraging second season.
Kurt Tippett, pick No. 11 (pre-season draft) Suspended for the opening half of 2013, Tippett still ended the year as the Swans' leading goal-kicker with 35 for the season. Enough said.
Rookies
Jake Lloyd, pick No. 16 A good ball user, Lloyd had a strong NEAFL campaign, including a starring role in the Eastern Conference Grand Final win over Belconnen.
Xavier Richards, pick No. 29 Proved he was well ahead of schedule by making one senior appearance last year and is in the midst of an impressive pre-season. Brother of Swans' stalwart Ted.
Dane Rampe, pick No. 37 One of the rookie draft's true success stories. Plucked from relative obscurity, he played all but one game for the year and earned himself a fresh two-year contract.
Daniel Robinson, pick No. 50 A former NSW scholarship holder who also had a strong NEAFL campaign. He has shown ability as an inside midfielder.
Brandon Jack, pick No. 57 Like the younger Richards brother he also developed far more quickly than anticipated, making nine senior appearances last year. He also still has huge room for improvement.
Sam Naismith, pick No. 58 A ruck prospect, injuries ruined his 2013, but he is currently showing very good signs during his second AFL pre-season. - James Dampney
Brandon Jack (right) gets a pat of support from older brother Kieren. Picture: AFL MediaWest Coast
Brant Colledge, pick No. 45 Spent the majority of 2013 on the sidelines following ankle surgery in July. Has participated fully in the pre-season.
Adam Carter, pick No. 59 Played five matches late in the season and showed plenty of promise averaging 12 disposals from a back pocket.
Mark Hutchings, pick No. 60 Played nine matches averaging 20 disposals and six tackles per game. Won the Simpson medal as best afield in the WAFL Grand Final in West Perth's premiership win.
Rookies
Callum Sinclair, pick No. 12 Played five matches early in 2013. But only managed three WAFL games following round six, due to a knee injury.
Jamie Bennell, pick No. 26 Played 12 WAFL games in his first-year back from a knee reconstruction. Has trained strongly in the pre-season. - Alex Malcolm
After a solid nine games for the Eagles in 2013, Mark Hutchings was best afield for West Perth in the WAFL Grand Final. Picture: AFL Media
Western Bulldogs
Jake Stringer, pick No. 5 Kicked 12 goals from 10 games in 2013 to show why the Dogs rated him so highly. He has been building his fitness this pre-season.
Jack Macrae, pick No. 6 Averaged 17 disposals a game over 13 games in 2013. Has grown three centimetres in height and has continued to add weight to his once slender frame this pre-season.
Nathan Hrovat, pick No.21 Calf injuries slowed his progress early in 2013 but the diminutive midfielder oozed class in seven senior appearances. Has had a solid pre-season.
Lachie Hunter, pick No.49 (father-son) The son of Mark Hunter impressed in nine games as a creative half-forward. The budding midfielder has spent the pre-season building fitness.
Josh Prudden, pick No.50
The yet to debut stoppage specialist battled injuries in 2013 but is highly rated at the Whitten Oval. He has worked hard over the pre-season preparing his body for the rigors of senior footy.
Rookies
Brett Goodes, pick No.4 The 29-year-old was promoted to the senior list after impressing as a creative and hard-running defender across 13 games. Hasn't missed a beat this pre-season. - Ryan Davidson
